Hi,
I can't believe this is only my 9th caerphilly, but more, that I haven't had one in the house for some time. So, in order to rectify that I've just made one. And, finally, I had a chance to follow the make procedure I found in a newspaper archive from 1907 (internet search). I've put my transcription of the article at the end, for those who want to compare. One thing I've done is adapted the pressing and salting routine as from the article they describe a procedure that I think would not be practical for the home cheese maker. Anyway, at the time I'm posting this I'm at step 16 and the cheese is forming up really nicely. It's a pretty straightforward make procedure. The "twisting in the cloth" could be replaced with slicing and cheddaring (as in some other makes) but it wasn't hard to do and the curd at the salting stage seemed moist, but not "wet". Anyway, looking forward to seeing how this turns out. Will post pictures once it's finished with pressing.
- Jeff
Traditional Caerphilly (Modified for Home Cheese maker) Feb 17, 2013.
11 Litres Homebrand Standard
7 ice cubes meso (Flora Danica)
¼ tsp CalCl (50%)
5.54 ml Renco Rennet (65 IMCU)
2.5 tbls salt + extra for rind rubbing during flipping.
1) Add starter and warm milk to 30 C and remove from heat (30.1 C)
2) Ripen 30 minutes (time 7:55 – 8:25 ; temp 30.1 - 29.7)
3) Add CaCl
4) Add rennet (time 8:26:00 – Floc Time : 8:42:00 = 16m 00sec 4x mult = 64m 00sec Cut time = 9:30:00)
5) Cut into 2.5 cm cubes (9:30-9:43)
6) Stir and slowly raise temp back to 30 C (start temp 29.1 C - 30.3 C; time 9:43 - 9:50)
7) Maintain temp and stir 1 hour (9:50 – 10:50; until curd is slightly firm; note, longer stirring at this stage can reduce the time to drain later; temp at end : 30.1)
8) Let settle for 10 minutes (10:50 - 11:00)
9) Remove whey (11:00-11:25)
10) Put curd in cloth in pot and drain. Twist 5 times (count the 1st one at the start) over an hour to tighten it (ever 12 minutes), but not too tight – whatever that means. Prop up one side of the pot and put curds on the high side (so the whey drains away from the curds). Remove whey when you tighten the cloth. (11:25 – 11:37 – 11:49 – 12:01 – 12:13)
11) Mill to small bits (squeezed between the fingers like a potato masher; 12:25-12:??)
12) Add salt (2.5 tbls)
13) Place in cloth bound moulds, press in with hands
14) place under light pressure (~1 PSI; 15 kg on 6.25” mould) 10 minutes (12:35 - 12:45) (steps 14-16 are "in the pot")
115) Flip, rub with salt, redress and press ~1.5 PSI (20 kg on 6.25” mould) 20 minutes (12:48-1:08)
16) Flip, rub with salt, redress and press ~1.8 psi (25 kg on 6.25” mould) 20 minutes (1:13-1:33)
17) Flip, rub with salt, redress and press ~2.5 psi (35 kg on 6.25” mould) overnight (1:45-6:10) (I flipped at 2:30 as it was looking a bit tilted)
18) Out of the press it was 1472g, and had a bit of a slant 15.6 x (6.3+6.9)/2 = 15.6 x 6.6 = 1261 cm for 1.17g/cm3. Knit was excellent.
Air dry 3-5 days and move to cave and age 3 weeks (80-85% humidity, 10-12 C).
Here's the article I adapted to get this make procedure:
Caerphilly Cheese:
Marlborough Express, Volume XL, Issue 15, 18 January, 1907, page 4
This is one of those makes of cheese for which there is at the present time a steadily growing demand. So large, indeed, has the consumption of this cheese become (writes C.W. Walker-Tisdale in the Farmer and Stockbreeder) that we know of one firm of cheese merchants which is having Caerphilly specially manufactured in New Zealand, Holland, and Denmark, and sent to it in order to make the supply anything like equal to the demand. It appears to me that the prospects for this cheese are better than for almost any other variety, and considering the number of Cheddar makers who are turning their attention to Caerphilly makes, the production of Cheddar cheese is likely to suffer in consequence. The advantages of producing Caerphilly cheese as compared with Cheddar are: 1 Greater weight of cheese is obtained, as it is sold fresh when in a moist condition. 2. Being sold at the end of a fortnight after making, very little storage room is required. 3. The sale being effected so soon after making, money is quickly returned for the milk, which is not the case where Cheddar cheese is made, as this does not fully ripen and become ready for market in a less period than three months. To manufacture this cheese new milk is taken, regulated to a temperature of 86 deg. Fahr., and rennetted in the proportion of one drachm of rennet to three gallons of milk (rennet being first diluted with cold water.) In the course of about an hour the curd will be firm enough to manipulate, which can be tested by seeing if it breaks clean over the finger. It may then be cut by using American knives’ (vertical and horizontal), and reduced to small cubes of about 1in in size. When all the curd is reduced to this size the temperature of the whole contents of the vat should be raised to 86deg. Fahr., as by this time it will probably have fallen several degrees, so should be raised to the same temperature as that at which it was rennetted. The curd must now be stirred by hand for about an hour, or until it becomes slightly firm in nature. Some makers stir the curd for thirty minutes, allow it to pitch or settle in the bottom of the van (sic; I assume vat) for ten minutes, when it will be time to draw off the whey. The whey is now drawn off, and the curd is placed in coarse cloths and placed on a table to drain. To help the expulsion of whey the cloths are tightened now and again by taking three corners and using the fourth as a binder. This drainage is allowed to go on for about an hour, during which time the cloths will have been tightened about five times. This tightening to expel the whey must not be excessive, or the curd will get too dry. The curd is now broken by squeezing it in the hand and out between the fingers, almost as a potato-masher works. It is next placed in the tin moulds, which are lined with cloths to receive, and the curd pressed in with the hands. The curd in the moulds is left for two hours before being put to press, during which time only small weights are put on the followers to keep the curd together. The curd in the moulds may now be turned and put to press under just a small amount of pressure – say, 5cwt or 6cwt overnight. In twelve hours’ time (next day) the cheeses are taken out, rubbed with salt, turned, and replaced in the mould with a fresh cloth, and put under a pressure of about 10cwt. Twelve hours later this process is repeated, the total amount of salt used being half an ounce to each pound of cheese. On the third morning from making the cheese may be taken out of the press and removed to the curing-room, which, if the cheese is to be ready for sale in two weeks’ time, should be at a temuerature (sic) of 65deg. to 20deg. (sic : 70?) Fahr. If not required to be ripe so soon it must be kept at a lower temperature. In some cases makers prefer to salt their cheese by brining them instead of rubbing with dry salt. This may be done by having the cheeses partly immersed in brine for a couple of days or so, being careful to turn them frequently. The common size of the Caerphilly cheese is 6lb, but they are made in sizes from 5lb to 10lb each. In the case only of the larger cheeses the pressure may be increased to 15cwt instead of 10cwt for full pressure.
----------- end of article -----------------------------
For noting: cwt is a hundredweight, or “centum weight”. In the UK (and here in New Zealand), 1 cwt = 112 pounds, while in the US it equals 100 lbs.
And a drachm is 1/8th of a fluid ounce according to "thefreedictionary.com"
I've also found reference to the traditional sizes being 10 inches in diameter and 8lbs. Assuming 10 inch diameters then 5cwt would produce roughly 7.13 psi, 6 cwt would give 8.56 psi, 10cwt = 14.27 psi, and 15cwt = 21.40 psi