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GENERAL CHEESE MAKING BOARDS (Specific Cheese Making in Boards above) => INGREDIENTS - Milk Types, Formats, & Pre-Cheese Making Processing => Topic started by: Helen on August 22, 2011, 07:45:49 PM

Title: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: Helen on August 22, 2011, 07:45:49 PM
Hello All,

I have started using raw milk in my makes and was wondering if I should be using the same quantities of cultures as I would with pasteurized milk.

Thanks!
Helen
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: linuxboy on August 22, 2011, 07:50:43 PM
For which cheese? Generally, it depends on the bacteriological quality of the milk.
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: Helen on August 22, 2011, 08:09:39 PM
Thanks for your interest in my question, Linuxboy.

I am going to make Camembert next weekend.

I have no idea what the bacteriological quality of my milk is. I buy it from a licensed dairy.

Thanks again for your input.

- Helen

Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: linuxboy on August 22, 2011, 08:14:46 PM
If you are making a traditional camembert (full meso), cut the culture by about 1/3 to start. If you are not hitting the pH markers in time, then increase it slightly. If hitting too fast, back off some more :). Whenever there's a new variable, like different milk, usually recipes need to be tweaked.

It's really tough to say without tests. For example, I have seen raw milk total plate counts that were 25% of pasteurized milk from clean dairies.
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: Tomer1 on August 22, 2011, 09:41:09 PM
"Cleaner" you mean?
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: Helen on August 22, 2011, 10:26:36 PM
Thank you, Linuxboy. I will definitely follow your advice.

Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: Boofer on August 23, 2011, 01:55:13 PM
Quote from: linuxboy on August 22, 2011, 08:14:46 PM
If you are making a traditional camembert (full meso), cut the culture by about 1/3 to start. If you are not hitting the pH markers in time, then increase it slightly. If hitting too fast, back off some more :). Whenever there's a new variable, like different milk, usually recipes need to be tweaked.
That's been a question floating around in my head for awhile now. A recipe calls for a specific measure of acidifying culture. What is the time that the milk would be expected to reach the target pH? Using P/H milk, raw milk, or a blend of both, my make may sometimes extend into 3 hours waiting for the pH to drop. Should I be using more meso or thermo culture to shorten that time and reach my target earlier?

I would guess that using mother culture would accomplish the same goal.

-Boofer-
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: linuxboy on August 23, 2011, 02:18:21 PM
QuoteA recipe calls for a specific measure of acidifying culture.
Most recipes will specify 1% bulk equivalent. This is the classic amount that people have used historically. However, it often needs to be adjusted to fit the entire make and milk.

QuoteWhat is the time that the milk would be expected to reach the target pH?
Up to you. Remember, you're trying to balance calcium levels with syneresis, with preventing contamination while milk and curd are at that danger zone with high temps and low acidity.

Quotemay sometimes extend into 3 hours waiting for the pH to drop.
Generally, I like to be in the mold/hoop not more than 4-5 hours into the make. A 3 hr wait pre renetting for a hard cheese is way too long for me.

QuoteShould I be using more meso or thermo culture to shorten that time and reach my target earlier?
Yes, it shouldn't take quite that long, unless you're deliberately aiming for that style, like you would for a tomme of beaufort.

Quote
I would guess that using mother culture would accomplish the same goal.
And why I prefer it :)
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: dthelmers on August 23, 2011, 02:24:10 PM
Boofer,
Same here. Usually around three hours, but this weekend it took 3-1/2 to hit 6.45. I should have measured the pH of the milk before I started, but I was too casual. I made a cheese in a class I taught at a camping event a couple of weeks ago, and I used a mother culture. It took less than half the usual time. I think it's going to be mother culture from this point out just for the time factor. Or I might save and freeze some of the whey for culturing. Any pitfalls in that?
Dave in CT
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: Helen on August 23, 2011, 03:11:13 PM
So I made my camembert yesterday.

I used direct cultures and after 2.5 hours, I still had not reached the target pH post renneting. At this time, I just gave up and added the rennet. I guess I have some progress to make!

I will look into those mother cultures.

- Helen
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: dthelmers on August 23, 2011, 04:42:47 PM
Helen,
Sailor Con Queso did a great photo essay on making mother cultures, here:
https://cheeseforum.org/forum/index.php/topic,5165.0.html (https://cheeseforum.org/forum/index.php/topic,5165.0.html)
Dave in CT
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: Helen on August 23, 2011, 05:10:36 PM
Thanks, Dave :)
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: Hande on August 23, 2011, 05:46:22 PM
Same here, to me it take too long time to get right pH after adding culture. In press pH drop too quick.
Last 2 tomme makes I ripen only 30min and then renneting, And take only notes of pH at that point.

Quotepreventing contamination while milk and curd are at that danger zone with high temps and low acidity
I use raw milk and that is what I be afraid a pit.

Hande
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: Boofer on August 23, 2011, 07:51:22 PM
Seems like there are quite a few folks sitting and waiting for something to happen...like me.

That tells me a number of things:
-Boofer-
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: dthelmers on August 23, 2011, 08:32:37 PM
I've thought about adding more starter culture, but I don't know how that will effect the acidification farther down the line. I've been wondering if it will speed the entire process up too much. Using the mother culture worked quite well, but I'll need more freezer space, which is currently at a premium.
Dave in CT
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: Hande on August 23, 2011, 08:40:57 PM
I use mother culture (1%) my cheddar when I get my extech and it takes over 4 hours to go renneting point.
I was in "danger zone" maybe bit too long time, huh ???
But I make that mother culture earlier without pH meter and don't know how strong it was.
I should make now new mc with pH meter, and look pH curves with it.

I don't know have anybody else that problem that pH drops too fast in press and it goes over your marks before cheese in properly press ?
And if add more culture to get renneting point in time, how fast pH drops then in press..

Hande
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: Sailor Con Queso on August 23, 2011, 09:17:13 PM
Hande,

You should be able to add rennet within just a few minutes after adding Mother Culture. Your pH should drop by about .1 - example: from 6.6 to 6.5. If your pH is not dropping enough, you need to check your procedures when making the MC and/or add more MC to start. I use 1-1/2% for cheddars.

Bacteria all have different "pH curves". The acid production generally starts out slow and then really accelerates a few hours into the make. If your acid production is too slow, you can also try a different mix of bacteria. Aromatic B for example is a very slow acid producer.
Title: Re: Raw milk and cultures
Post by: Hande on August 23, 2011, 10:04:02 PM
Sailor,
Yes I need to do fresh mother culture and add it after few minutes and look how that goes.
Maybe first of I need to start study what kind curves each one culture have.

Helen, sorry that hijack..

Hande